Rotate String

Source

• lintcode: (8) Rotate String

Given a string and an offset, rotate string by offset. (rotate from left to right)

Example
Given "abcdefg"

for offset=0, return "abcdefg"

for offset=1, return "gabcdef"

for offset=2, return "fgabcde"

for offset=3, return "efgabcd"

...

题解

常见的翻转法应用题，仔细观察规律可知翻转的分割点在从数组末尾数起的offset位置。先翻转前半部分，随后翻转后半部分，最后整体翻转。

Python

class Solution:
    """
    param A: A string
    param offset: Rotate string with offset.
    return: Rotated string.
    """
    def rotateString(self, A, offset):
        if A is None or len(A) == 0:
            return A

        offset %= len(A)
        before = A[:len(A) - offset]
        after = A[len(A) - offset:]
        # [::-1] means reverse in Python
        A = before[::-1] + after[::-1]
        A = A[::-1]

        return A

C++

class Solution {
public:
  /**
     * param A: A string
     * param offset: Rotate string with offset.
     * return: Rotated string.
     */
    string rotateString(string A, int offset) {
        if (A.empty() || A.size() == 0) {
            return A;
        }

        int len = A.size();
        offset %= len;
        reverse(A, 0, len - offset - 1);
        reverse(A, len - offset, len - 1);
        reverse(A, 0, len - 1);
        return A;
    }

private:
    void reverse(string &str, int start, int end) {
        while (start < end) {
            char temp = str[start];
            str[start] = str[end];
            str[end] = temp;
            start++;
            end--;
        }
    }
};

Java

public class Solution {
    /*
     * param A: A string
     * param offset: Rotate string with offset.
     * return: Rotated string.
     */
    public char[] rotateString(char[] A, int offset) {
        if (A == null || A.length == 0) {
            return A;
        }

        int len = A.length;
        offset %= len;
        reverse(A, 0, len - offset - 1);
        reverse(A, len - offset, len - 1);
        reverse(A, 0, len - 1);

        return A;
    }

    private void reverse(char[] str, int start, int end) {
        while (start < end) {
            char temp = str[start];
            str[start] = str[end];
            str[end] = temp;
            start++;
            end--;
        }
    }
};

源码分析

1. 异常处理，A为空或者其长度为0
2. offset可能超出A的大小，应模len后再用
3. 三步翻转法

Python 虽没有提供字符串的翻转，但用 slice 非常容易实现，非常 Pythonic!

复杂度分析

翻转一次时间复杂度近似为 $O(n)$, 原地交换，空间复杂度为 $O(1)$. 总共翻转3次，总的时间复杂度为 $O(n)$, 空间复杂度为 $O(1)$.

Reference

• Reverse a string in Python - Stack Overflow